Science unit 2 - Matter and materials

 

Temperature

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.

Temperature is usually measured in 

- degrees Celsius (°C), 

- Fahrenheit (°F), 

- or Kelvin (K)

Heat

Heat can make a substance 

• expand

• change state.

• react with other substances.

Heat is a kind of energy.

Heat always flows from hot to cold,

Heat can travel in three different ways. 

• conduction, 

• convection 

• radiation.

Thermometer: 

A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature, or how hot or cold something is.

Types:

Digital thermometer

Liquid-in -glass thermometer

Different materials:

Most metals are good conductors

Plastic, cork, cloth and wood are poor conductors.  They are insulators.

Rubber is very elastic,

Glass is transparent.

Wood floats and burns.

Stone is very strong, heavy and sinks in water. It does not burn.

Most metals are found as ores in rocks. Metal is heavy and strong. It’s a good conductor of heat and electricity. Some metals are magnetic.

Steel is very strong. Steel is used to make buildings and bridges.

Copper can be stretched and rolled into wires and pipes.

Lead and brass are often used to make weights.

Aluminium is one of the lighter metals.

It is strong for its weight and does not rust. It is used to make drink cans and aircraft.

All metals carry electricity very well.

This is why they are used to make electric wires.

Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperatures. It is used to make thermometers.

Most metals are good conductors

Plastic, cork, cloth and wood are poor conductors of heat - they are heat insulators.

States:

Matter usually takes one of just three forms: solid, liquid or gas. These forms of matter are called states.

Changes of state 

Changes of state have special names. 

Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid.

Freezing is the change of state trom liquid to solid,

A liquid can change to a gas by evaporating or boiling.