Historical Era
1. To show evidence or point out:
"The data indicate that there has been a significant increase in productivity this quarter."
2. To signal or give a sign:
"The flashing light on the dashboard indicates that the fuel level is low."
3. To suggest or imply:
"The tone of his voice indicated that he was unhappy with the decision."
4. In a formal context:
"The doctor indicated that surgery would be the best option for recovery."
Significant/ Significance
1. Significant (adjective meaning important or notable):
• "The discovery of antibiotics was a significant advancement in medical science."
• "A significant portion of the population supports environmental policies."
2. Significance (noun meaning importance or meaning):
"The significance of her work in renewable energy cannot be overstated."
"This historical site holds great significance for the local community."
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Historical Timeframes
Dating systems
BC - Before Christ
- before the birth of Christ
- The higher the number in BC, the farther back in time the event occurred. For example, 7000 BC was a very long time ago, while 500 BC was not as long ago.
- we always use BC
AD - Anno Domini
- in the year of Our Lord
- after the birth of Christ
- Christ was born in 1 AD
- We often omit 'AD' when referring to dates.
BE - The Buddhist Era
- after the death of Gautama Buddha
- The Buddhist Era = Christian Era + 543 years.
Historical Period:
Historical period is divided into units of time such as:
- decade (10 years)
- century (100 years)
- millennium (1000 years)
(Note: 1 millennium and 2 millennia)
Era:
The concept of an **era** refers to a distinct period of time in history, often defined by significant cultural, political, or technological developments. Eras can vary in scope, duration, and how they're categorized, depending on the context (prehistoric, historical, geological, etc.).
Prehistory vs. Historical Period:
- Prehistory refers to the time before written records were kept. It is often divided into distinct ages based on technological advancements.
- Historical period begins when human societies started recording their history through writing.
Prehistory
In **prehistory**, the division is primarily based on the tools
and technologies humans used:
Stone Age
This era is when humans primarily used stone tools and can be further divided into:
- Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) – Early humans used basic stone tools.
- Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) – More advanced stone tools and early settlements.
- Neolithic (New Stone Age) – The development of agriculture and permanent settlements.
Metal Age
Following the Stone Age, this period is defined by the use of metals (like copper, bronze, and iron) to make tools and weapons. It includes:
- Copper Age
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
Dynasties
Dynasties refer to specific periods of rule by royal families,
often within a specific culture or nation
(e.g., the Egyptian dynasties, Chinese dynasties).
Dynasties are part of **historical periods** and do not
overlap with prehistoric times.
Historical Eras
Historical Eras are generally more specific to particular civilizations and their recorded history, such as:
- The **Classical Era** (Greek and Roman civilizations).
- The **Middle Ages** (European history).
- The **Renaissance** or the **Industrial Age**.
Historical evidence
Historical evidence:
Traces left by the actions of human beings in the past.
Types:
-written evidence / unwritten evidence
- primary evidence / secondary evidence
Primary evidence:
- time of creation: created at the time of the event
- the author's or creator's involvement: the author or creator was involved in the event
- examples: tools, ancient sites, antiques, inscriptions, archives
Secondary evidence:
- time of creation: created after the time of the event
- the author's or creator's involvement: the author or creator was not involved in the event
- examples: Monuments of important figures that were built after the person's death. Books, historical articles that were written later.
Local history
Local history:
The study of the past, specific to a particular area, focusing on its people, events, and development.
Evidence of local history:
- archeological sites,
- antiques
- fine arts
- local people
- official documents
- legends
Archeological sites
- structures that are over 100 years old
- cannot be picked up or moved
( churches, temples, pagodas, city walls)
- primary evidence
Antiques
- things that are more than 100 years old
- can be picked up or moved
( Buddha images, stone inscriptions, pottery)
- primary evidence
Fine arts
- for example: architecture, sculpture, painting
- most works are inspired by religious beliefs
- primary evidence
Local people
- monks, village headmen, elders, local experts ( they provide local information)
- primary evidence
Official documents
- government's administration of the country
( Government reports. Births, deaths and marriage reports. Tax reports. )
- primary evidence
Legends
- Legends are stories from the past that mix real events with imagination. They are shared through generations.
- They often talk about heroes, adventures, religious stories, the origins of a country and sacred object or places.
- example; Phra That Phanom, Phra That Doi Tung Chinkamalai Pakorn
- secondary evidence
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